Monday, September 10th, 2012

lethargic_man: (linguistics geekery)

For years I had a slight inferiority complex as regards the English language, when compared to German. After all, English is a Germanic language, so it ought to be closer to German, right? But it's gone off the דֶרֶךְ: it's lost its noun inflexions and some of the verbal ones, it's lost almost all traces of gender, it's developed a very strange pronunciation, and imported a vast chunk of its vocabulary from the non-Germanic Romance languages, it's changed the "-end" of the present participle (corresponding to "-ant-"/"-ent-" in Latin) to "-ing"; it's lost consonants in words like "a(l)s", "u(n)s"; etc, etc.

It's only in the last few years that I have come to realise that the modern German language isn't particularly central to the Germanic languages either: it's fell off the דֶרֶךְ with the High German consonant shift* whilst the ancestors of the English were still living in Old Saxony: It's developed its own sound shifts (the ancestors of the Germans pronounced W like in English, proto-Germanic initial s turns into ʃ in German sch-, sp-, st-, and then more recently (after Yiddish split off, as that lacks this change), ch after a front vowel (and in certain other contexts too) changed to the initial sound in the English word "hew"). It's also developed its own grammatical peculiarities, such as separable verbs, compound nouns, etc.

* German Wasser, Pfeffer, English water, pepper; German Ding, English thing; German Tür, English door, etc.

I think part of the problem is that we refer to the language family as the Germanic one in English. In German that's not the case: the modern German people and language are called deutsch; germanisch refers to the whole language family, and the people that the Romans called Germani (ancestors of the Germans, Dutch, English, etc).

So what I was wondering, given all this, is: would it be possible to reconstruct an average Germanic language—I mean an average of the modern Germanic languages, not a reconstruction of the original ancestral language—neutralising all the various ways in which the various descendant languages still existing today have veered from the common course. A quick Google doesn't immediately show up anything like this; can it possible be this hasn't been done already!?

Obviously, such a project would be somewhat subjective: For example, the ancestral language had no indefinite article, so what to use? English and Yiddish both use a, and German uses ein, so that's German outvoted! This example also shows one of the weaknesses of whatever I might propose: I'm really only familiar with English and German, so would be biased against all the other languages. ([personal profile] liv, [personal profile] estherhugenholtz, [livejournal.com profile] bfrb, where are you when I need you?)

English and Icelandic are the only languages to have kept the θ and ð sounds, and I personally regard all the other languages to have gone off the דֶרֶךְ, but if I am to go with the majority view as above, I reluctantly concede that they have to go—but there's no reason we can't keep "th" in the spelling, as indeed it is the case in many Germanic languages, to help retain familiarity. I'd prefer, though, to render ð with "dh" then, for consistency.

Ik thenke dhat a project als dhet is a fun idee tu overwegen*, but§ viel tu viel werk egentlig tu dun.

* Consider, † much, ‡ actually; § = no common term except in the Scandinavian languages.

Or, going by majority number of languages (supported by Google Translate at least!) rather than majority number of speakers, which tilts the balance in favour of the Scandinavian languages rather than English and German—but also away from my understanding whether what I am doing with the words is correct:

Ik thenke dhat a project som dhetta er en fun idee till overwegen, men alt for muket arbete faktisk till do.

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